Anecdote Text

a.       Definition

Anecdote is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination. Its purpose is to entertain the readers.

b.      Generic Structure Analysis

      Abstract: Everybody has a dream. You have and so do I. When the dream will come true, there is something wrong last minute before it. What will we feel? What will we do?

      Orientation: the Clak family lived in Scotland. They had dream to travel to America. They prepared well for their plan

      Crisis: few days before they went to America, his youngest son was bitten by a dog. It made they were being quarantined. They had to forget their plan.

      Incident: the family was full of disappointment and anger. The father was angry with his son and God. The family failed to travel to America and the father could not accept it.

Discussion Text

a.       Definition

Discussion is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.

b.      Generic Structure

      Statement of issue; stating the issue which is to discussed

      List of supporting points; presenting the point in in supporting the presented issue

      List of contrastive point; presenting other points which disagree to the supporting point

      Recommendation; stating the writer' recommendation of the discourse

c.       Language Feature of Discussion

      Introducing category or generic participant

      Using thinking verb; feel, hope, believe, etc

      Using additive, contrastive, and causal connection; similarly, on the hand, however, etc

      Using modalities; must, should, could, may, etc

      Using adverbial of manner; deliberately, hopefully, etc

Explanation Text

a.       Definition

Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say 'why' and 'how' of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.

b.      Generic structure of Explanation

      General statement; stating the phenomenon issues which are to be explained.

      Sequenced explanation; stating a series of steps which explain the phenomena.

c.       Language Feature

      Focus on generic, non-human participants

      The use of general and abstract nouns

      The use of action verbs

      The use of simple present tense

      The use of passive voice

      The use of conjunctions of time and cause

      The use of noun phrases

      The use of complex sentences

      The use of technical Language

Hortatory Exposition Text

a.    Definition

Hortatory exposition is a text which represent the attempt of the writer to have the addressee do something or act in certain way.

b.    Generic Structure of Hortatory Exposition

      Thesis

      Arguments

      Recommendation

c.    Language Feature

      Focusing on the writer

      Using abstract noun; policy, advantage, etc

      Using action verb

      Using thinking verb

      Using modal adverb; certainly, surely, etc

      Using temporal connective; firstly, secondly, etc

      Using evaluative words; important, valuable, trustworthy, etc

      Using passive voice

      Using simple present tense

Narrative Text

a.       Definition

Narrative is a text focusing specific participants. Its social function is to tell stories or past events and entertain the readers.

Actually, narrative is an account of a sequence of events, usually in chronological order. Relating to kinds of text, which student has to complete studying in high school, narrative is a text which retells the story or previous experiences. The purpose of the text is to entertain or amuse readers or listeners about the story.

Narrative is basically story and within this, story telling, there are many kinds of narrative - comedy, mystery, romance, horror are some of the commoner types. A poem can also be a narrative if it tells a story rather than just describing something.

News Item

a.  Definition

News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

       b. Generic Structure

      Main event

      Elaboration (background, participant, time, place)

      Resource of information

              c. Language Feature of News Item

      Focusing on circumstances

      Using material process

      Using Action verbs

      Using saying verbs

      Using Passive sentence

Procedure Text

a.       Definition

Procedure text is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps. This text uses simple present tense, often imperative sentences. It also uses the temporal conjunction such as first, second, then, next, finally, etc.

b.      The Generic Structures

      Goal/aim ( or title)

      Materials (not required for all procedural texts)

      Steps (the actions that must be taken)

c.       Language Features

      Use of imperatives (e.g.: cut, don’t mix)

      Use of action Verbs (e.g. : turn, put, mix)

      Use of connectives (e.g. : first, then, finally, …)

      Use of adverbial phrases (e.g. : for five minutes, 2 centimeters from the top)